Pie chart — Household water use by purpose, 1980 and 2008
📄 Bài mẫu band 8–9
| Introduction | Paraphrase: mục đích sử dụng nước trong hộ gia đình, năm 1980 và 2008. |
| Overview | Overall: tắm rửa thay xả toilet để trở thành mục đích dùng nước nhiều nhất, trong khi nước dùng ngoài trời tăng mạnh nhất. Không số liệu. |
| Body 1 | Xả toilet 34% → 26%; tắm rửa 26% → 32%, hai mục đích này đổi chỗ cho nhau. |
| Body 2 | Giặt giũ 18% → 12%; bếp và nước uống 14% → 11%; vườn/ngoài trời 8% → 19%, tăng hơn gấp đôi. |
The two pie charts compare the purposes for which households used water in 1980 and in 2008.
Overall, bathing and showering replaced toilet flushing as the largest single use of domestic water. The most striking change, however, was outside the home, where the share of water used in gardens saw the sharpest rise of any category.
In 1980 toilet flushing consumed the greatest share of household water, at 34%, with bathing and showering second on 26%. By 2008 the two had swapped places: flushing had fallen to 26%, probably reflecting more water-efficient fittings, while washing had risen to 32% and become the leading use.
The remaining categories moved in opposite directions. Laundry accounted for 18% of consumption in 1980 but only 12% by 2008, and kitchen and drinking water showed a similar downward shift, from 14% to 11%. Garden and outdoor use, by contrast, grew from a modest 8% to 19%, well over double its original share, which took it from the smallest category in 1980 to the third largest in 2008.
| the largest single use | mục đích sử dụng lớn nhất |
| saw the sharpest rise | có mức tăng dốc nhất |
| swapped places | đổi chỗ cho nhau |
| water-efficient | tiết kiệm nước |
| a similar downward shift | một sự dịch chuyển đi xuống tương tự |
| well over double | hơn gấp đôi khá nhiều |